.......DATE.............	...............................EVENT............................. ..............
1882	The Italians occupied Eritrea on the Red Sea Coast.
1885	The British General Gordon was killed in Khartoum.
1885	The Italians occupied Massawa on the Red Sea Coast.
1893	Captain Monteil led a French military expedition into the Congo River Valley.
1894	Captain Liotard led a French military expedition into the Congo River Valley.
March 1, 1896	The Ethiopians defeated an Italian army at Adowa.
February 1896	Captain Marchand led a French military expedition into the Congo River Valley.
July 10, 1898	Marchand's expedition established a French military camp in the Upper Nile Valley at Fashoda.
September 2, 1898	The British Lord Kitchener led an army into the Sudan and won the Battle of Omdurmam against the Mahdist forces.
September 19, 1898	When he learned of the French force at Fashoda, Kitchener proceeded upriver immediately and a standoff ensued between Marchand's and Kitchener's forces.
November 3, 1898	French government ordered Marchand to withdraw from the Nile. The French force left via Abyssinia because Marchand refused to accept British protection and the soldiers refused to return via the Congo.
March 21, 1899	The Anglo- French Agreement recognized the Upper Nile as a British sphere of influence.