African History Since 1875
| .......DATE............. | ...............................EVENT............................. .............. |
| July 24, 1798 | General Napoleon, invaded Egypt and captured Cairo. |
| August 1, 1798 | Admiral Lord Nelson, destroyed French fleet off Alexandria. |
| October 1799 | General Napoleon, returned to France from Egypt. |
| 1805-1849 | Khedive Mehemet Ali, Albanian cavalry officer ruled Egypt. |
| 1820s | Khedive Mehemet Ali, invaded the Upper Nile Valley. |
| 1821 | Khedive Mehemet Ali, imported improved cotton varieties to Egypt. |
| 1822-1832 | Khedive Mehemet Ali, fought against Ottoman Empire. |
| 1834 | British establish steamship service to India via Suez. |
| 1839-1841 | Khedive Mehemet Ali, fought against Ottoman Empire. |
| 1840s | German firms began operating. |
| 1849-1854 | Khedive Abbas, grandson of Mehemet Ali, ruled Egypt. |
| early 1850s | Khedive Abbas, improved relations between Egypt and Ottoman Empire. |
| 1854-1863 | Khedive Said, son of Mehemet Ali, ruled Egypt after Abbas' assasination. |
| 1858 | Khedive Said, committed Egyptian government to buy 45% of Suez Canal. |
| April 1859 | Work began on the Suez Canal. |
| 1860-1865 | U. S. Civil war creates demand for Egyptian cotton. |
| 1860s | Arab traders first reached Buganda. |
| 1863-1869 | Ferdinand de Lessups, French businessman, organized the Suez Canal construction. |
| 1863-1879 | Khedive Ismail, ruled Egypt. |
| 1867 | king of Buganda converted (at least nominally) to Islam. |
| November 17, 1869 | Suez Canal opened. |
| 1873 | Sultan of Zanzibar Bargash, agreed to end the slave trade in his domain. |
| November 1875 | Khedive Ismail, Egyptian government sold 176,000 Suez Canal shares to the British government. |
| 1875-1876 | Khedive Ismail, Egypt invaded Ethiopia without much success. |
| 1876 | H. M. Stanley, visited Buganda. |
| April 4, 1876 | Stephen Cave, British financial inspector of Egyptian finances. |
| 1876 | Nile River flood failed--food shortage in Egypt |
| May 2, 1876 | principle of dual control by France and Britain over Egyptian finances established |
| 1877 | Nile River flood failed--food shortage in Egypt |
| 1877 | Sir William Mackinnon, proposed that British assume administration of Zanzibari domain in the name of the Sultan |
| 1877 | Sultan of Zanzibar Bargash, communicated with Germans and refused British protectorate |
| 1877 | the first Anglican Church Missionary Society representatives arrived in Buganda |
| August 15, 1878 | England and France gain cabinet seats and control over Egyptian finances |
| February 18, 1879 | first Egyptian army mutiny |
| April 1879 | Khedive Ismail, replaced Europeans with Egyptians in his cabinet |
| June 1879 | Khedive Ismail was overthrown by the Egyptian army and replaced by Tewfik |
| 1879 | Catholic "White Fathers" arrived in Buganda |
| 1879-1896 | Khedive Tewfik, ruled Egypt |
| late 1880s | civil war in Buganda |
| July 17, 1880 | "Law of Liquidation" reorganized Egyptian finances to pay of external debt of about œ100 million |
| February 1, 1881 | Pasha Arabi, a nationalist leader, entered Egyptian cabinet when Khedive Ismail appointed Mahmoud Pasha Sami, an Egyptian nationalist, as prime minister. |
| September 9, 1881 | Pasha Arabi, led the Egyptian army in a mutiny against the Khedive. |
| 1881 | France invaded Tunisia, North Africa |
| January 8, 1882 | France and England signed a treaty--the "Joint Anglo-French note", but European diplomatic support for the agreement increased nationalist opposition to Khedive Tewfik. |
| February 25, 1882 | Khedive Tewfik, was forced to appoint nationalists as prime minister and war minister |
| April 12, 1882 | monarchist military conspiracy exposed and the members arrested, France and Britain send small naval squadrons to Egyptian coast |
| May 20, 1882 | France and Britain sent small naval squadrons to Egyptian coast |
| May 25, 1882 | British and French ultimatum forced the nationalist government to resign |
| June 11, 1882 | Egyptians rioted and killed about 50 Europeans in Alexandria on Sunday |
| July 11, 1882 | British bombarded Alexandria |
| August 1882 | British military intervention began with Tewfik's consent and the British captured Suez Canal. |
| September 13, 1882 | British defeated the Egyptian army at Tel-el-Kebir |
| September 15, 1882 | British occupied Cairo |
| November 9, 1882 | British abolished dual control with France |
| 1883-1885 | France occupied Madagascar (East Africa) |
| November 5, 1883 | Mahdi, Egyptian army led by the British General Hicks was defeated at El Obeid (Sudan) |
| 1884 | Karl Peters, German explorer collected treaties in Lake Victoria region (East Africa) |
| 1884 | Kabaka Mutesa, died and replaced by Mwanga (East Africa) |
| January 6, 1884 | General Charles Gordon, went to Khartoum to evacuate the Egyptian garrison |
| August 1884 | A British army left Wadi Haifa to lift the siege of Khartoum |
| November 15, 1884 | Berlin Conference opened |
| 1885 | Kabaka Mwanga, ordered the death of Anglican missionary James Hanninton and executed 30 Catholic converts (East Africa) |
| 1885 | Mahdist revolt in Sudan prevented British withdrawal from Egypt |
| January 26, 1885 | General Charles Gordon, killed at Khartoum |
| February 1885 | Karl Peters, returned to Berlin (East Africa) |
| February 1885 | Opponents of imperialism began to openly challenge the prime minister in the British Parliament |
| February 26, 1885 | The Berlin Conference ended. |
| March 3, 1885 | Germany annexed territory in Tanganyika (East Africa) |
| June 21, 1885 | General Kitchener, British reconquered Nile Valley from Mahdi |
| November 1885 | Germany Britain and France create boundary commission to divide sultan's domain |
| 1886 | Joseph Chamberlain, Conservative politician ends opposition to imperialism after visiting Egypt |
| October 1886 | France and Britain settled East African land claims (East Africa) |
| May 1887 | Britain and Ottoman sign treaty for British withdrawal from Egypt but Sultan backs away |
| 1888 | James Hutton, prominent Manchester merchant served on first IBEAC board of directors |
| 1888 | Sir William Mackinnon became the first director of the Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEAC) |
| October 29, 1888 | The Suez Canal Convention was signed by Turkey, Russia and various European powers. This international agrement provided for the Suez Canal to remain open to all nations in both peace and war. |
| 1890 | Karl Peters, German explorer collected treaties around Lake Victoria (East Africa) |
| 1890 | France recognized British Protectorate over Zanzibar (East Africa) |
| 1890 | IBEAC nearly bankrupt from failed plantation schemes, |
| 1890 | Frederick Lord Lugard, arrived in Buganda to extend IBEAC influence (East Africa) |
| 1890 | Britain recognized French claims in Madagascar (East Africa) |
| 1890 | Anglo-German agreement recognized German Tanganyika (East Africa) |
| March 18, 1890 | Bismarck dismissed by Wilhelm II as German prime minister |
| July 1, 1890 | Anglo-German Colonial Agreement (aka "The Heligoland Treaty") recognized British claim in East Africa (East Africa) |
| December 1890 | Sir William Mackinnon, asked British government to help IBEAC construct railway to Buganda (East Africa) |
| July 1891 | British parliament refused to support Buganda railway scheme (East Africa) |
| 1894 | British declared a protectorate over Buganda (East Africa) |
| 1898 | Mahdi, death of Mahdi ended revolt in the Sudan |
| 1902 | J. A. Hobson, published non-Marxist critique of imperialism |
| 1904 | France and Britain sign the Anglo-French Entente |